Colon cancer

 It's in the top 3 for the most common types of cancer developed, as well as cancer-related deaths. It is a malignancy that arises from the inner lining of the colon. Most, if not all, of these cancers develop from colonic polyps. Removal of these precancerous polyps can prevent colon cancer.. It is, in most cases, slow-growing cancer, and early-stage colon cancers that are found by routine screening prior to the development of symptoms have an improved prognosis, are easier to treat, and have a lower death rate than those that are detected after symptoms develop. Also, through routine screening, detecting and removing precancerous polyps can prevent their transformation into cancer later in life.

 Screening is recommended for colon cancer beginning at age 50 and continuing until age 75. Screening after age 75 should be determined through shared decision-making with your provider. There are also indications for screening prior to age 50, primarily due to family history with the disease, so make sure that your primary care provider has an updated, thorough family history to the best of your knowledge at each visit.

Knowing if you are at an average risk vs. higher risk for colon cancer helps develop an individualized screening strategy. Some questions that can determine your risk category are, but not limited to:
1. Have you ever had colon cancer or an abnormal polyp?
2. Have any family members had colon cancer or abnormal polyps?
3. Do you have family members with any genetic syndromes that can cause colon cancer?
4. Do you have inflammatory bowel disease?
5. Did you receive abdominal radiation for childhood cancer?

Do you know your options when it comes to preventive screenings? Many are aware of colonoscopy, but there are several options ranging from invasive to noninvasive techniques. Each method has its own risks/benefits, as well as the recommended screening frequency. For example, the gold standard colonoscopy is the most invasive screening test, but a normal result could prevent additional screenings for up to 10 years. There are several excellent options and it is a matter of personal preference that should be discussed with your provider after determining your risk category.
 Keep in mind that any abnormal result with a noninvasive screening method requires a colonoscopy for direct visualization and possible biopsy.
Your annual physical is an excellent time to discuss all of your recommended health screenings and to ensure all new family history is added to your medical record. If you have been experiencing any abnormal symptoms or would like to discuss your risk for colon cancer, please schedule an appointment with your provider for a full, personalized evaluation.
If you have any general questions regarding this disease process or would like more information about any potential alternative screening tests, please leave a comment below.